Experts from leading medical institutions have identified a previously undetected pair of salivary glands in the human nasopharynx, potentially marking a new organ. The findings are detailed in the peer-reviewed journal Radiotherapy and Oncology.
The human body remains a marvel of complexity, continually revealing secrets through advanced research. Traditionally, anatomists have cataloged 78 organs—distinct tissues performing essential physiological roles—for both men and women. Yet, this list evolves with new evidence. Just three years ago, scientists at University Hospital Limerick proposed elevating the mesentery to organ status based on rigorous study.
Dutch researchers recently made a striking anatomical breakthrough, pinpointing a novel pair of salivary glands at the back of the nasopharynx.
This discovery emerged during PSMA PET/CT scans of prostate cancer patients. These advanced scans, enhanced by radioactive glucose injections, precisely illuminate tumors throughout the body.
Previously, experts recognized three major salivary glands—the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual—which produce saliva vital for digestion. Hundreds of minor, microscopic glands also dot the oral cavity and aerodigestive tract.
These newfound glands, positioned behind the nose, above the palate, and near the head's center, qualify as major. Dubbed "tubarian glands" after their location above the torus tubarius, they were consistently observed.
The structures appeared in PSMA PET/CT images from approximately 100 patients and were confirmed via dissection in two cadavers—one male, one female.
Why were they overlooked until now? Their position beneath the skull base renders them elusive to conventional methods. The researchers emphasize that only PSMA PET/CT imaging reliably distinguishes them, though prior sightings may have been misidentified.
Independent validation is essential to confirm the discovery and elucidate their functions. Crucially, these glands must inform radiotherapy planning for head and neck cancers, as salivary tissues are highly radiosensitive, per established clinical expertise.
