As restrictions ease, wearing a mask remains a key strategy to curb COVID-19 spread. Discover which mask suits you, proper usage techniques, and essential tips for maximum protection.
Wearing a mask: Yes, but which type?
Protective masks have been central to the COVID-19 response. Once in short supply, they're now widely available, and with reopening underway, they're essential. Here's a breakdown of mask types for virus protection:
- Respirator masks (FFP2, FFP3, hull, or duckbill) are designed for healthcare professionals. They provide bidirectional filtration, capturing particles in both inhaled and exhaled air. FFP masks offer the highest performance.
- Surgical masks are suitable for the general public. They capture droplets from the wearer, helping limit COVID-19 transmission.
- Barrier or alternative masks (UNS1 and UNS2), fabric-based per AFNOR standards. These DIY options provide supplementary protection alongside barrier gestures for everyday use.
Best practices for protective masks.
Masks significantly reduce virus transmission when used correctly. Follow these expert-recommended steps for putting on, removing, cleaning, and maintaining effectiveness:
- Putting on and removing your mask. Wash or sanitize hands first. Handle by elastics only, ensuring correct orientation. Secure and adjust for a snug fit. Remove by elastics without touching the front. Dispose of single-use masks or wash reusables, then clean hands again.
- Mask usage duration. FFP masks last up to 8 hours. Surgical masks: 3-4 hours, single-use only. Cloth masks: 20-30 uses.
- Caring for cloth masks. Per ANSM guidelines (updated April 21, 2020), machine wash at 60°C for 30+ minutes with detergent. Dry in a dryer or air-dry, then steam iron without damaging fabric.
Five common mask mistakes to avoid!
- Not covering the nose
- Not covering the chin
- Touching the mask after fitting
- Hanging it around the neck (e.g., while eating or talking)
- Reusing after removal
How to make an effective homemade mask?
Masks are highly recommended amid shortages. Health authorities like AFNOR and Grenoble University Hospital provide reliable patterns. Key tips for DIY success:
- Use validated patterns from official sources.
- Opt for dense fabrics like viscose, polyester, or thin fleece. Non-woven microfiber is best. Layer 2-3 for droplet blocking.
- Avoid any holes, as they render the mask ineffective.
- Prepare three per day: morning, afternoon, and spare.
Mutual insurers are supporting members through the pandemic with services like teleconsultations and psychological aid.
Masks aren't foolproof—combine with barrier gestures: 1-meter distancing, cough into elbow, frequent handwashing, even when masked.
