A groundbreaking US study highlights a potential connection between tear gas exposure and menstrual cycle disruptions. While causation remains unproven, this research compiles unprecedented data on the issue.
Researchers from Northwest Permanente, P.C., published their findings in the peer-reviewed journal BMC Public Health on April 26, 2021. Following an open call for testimonies, the team surveyed 1,650 participants who reported menstrual health impacts after tear gas exposure. Respondents included women, trans men, non-binary individuals (including genderqueer), and those who preferred not to disclose their gender. Notably, 604 experienced more intense menstrual cramps, 459 reported unusual discharge, and 300 noted heavier, prolonged bleeding.
These 1,650 respondents were among 2,257 participants in Black Lives Matter protests in Portland, Oregon, from July 30 to August 20, 2020. Originally focused on short- and medium-term effects of tear gas, the study pivoted after numerous accounts of cycle disruptions and miscarriage concerns.
The researchers propose two explanations. First, acute stress from exposure may elevate cortisol levels, disrupting hormonal balance and reproductive functions, as stress is known to affect these systems.
Second, CS gas (2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile), a common irritant in US tear gas, metabolizes into thiocyanate and cyanide ions. These may act as endocrine disruptors; cyanide is notorious for impairing oxygen utilization in tissues.
Though definitive links require further rigorous studies, the volume of consistent testimonies is alarming. This work urgently calls on the scientific community to investigate tear gas's reproductive health impacts.
