Living a long life is remarkable, but maintaining health and vitality into old age is the real achievement. While some Asian regions boast high numbers of centenarians, European nations closely follow in global life expectancy rankings. Drawing from reliable demographic data, this guide explores the countries where people live longest and the factors driving their success.
In 2016, women here reached an average of 87.3 years, and men 81.3 years—setting a world record. Home to 7.5 million people, Hong Kong faced social challenges like income inequality, yet these didn't impact longevity. Experts point to its well-planned urban environment as a key factor. Urban density works in its favor, especially in districts like Sha Tin, featuring fresh food markets, local shops, clinics, and efficient public transit. This fosters a village-like community feel, combating elderly isolation. Residents easily access daily essentials, fresh air, and prompt emergency care from compact apartments.
Nestled within Italy between Emilia-Romagna and the Marches, this micro-state is Europe's third-smallest after Vatican City and Monaco. In August 2020, it had 33,607 residents, including 5,579 foreigners. The COVID-19 pandemic hit hard from March 2020, making it one of the hardest-affected per capita by April 2021.
Men live to 84.1 years on average, women to 86.8—outpacing Italy by 7 years for men and 3 for women. Beyond its tax-haven status, longevity likely stems from more than the Mediterranean diet of olive oil, fruits, vegetables, and fresh fish common across Italy.
Prosperity in small, wealthy nations supports long lives. Luxembourg, with just over 600,000 people, offers a robust economy and top-tier healthcare. In 2018, average life expectancy there was 82.2 years.
Okinawa stands out globally for its centenarians, drawing extensive research into its phenomenon. The traditional Japanese diet—low-calorie, rich in local vegetables and fruits—helps lower risks of prostate, breast, and stomach cancers. Low meat and saturated fat intake plays a role too. Many Japanese stay active well into later years, aiding sustained health.
The number of Japanese over 100 doubled in the early 20th century's first decade. Today, Japan has the world's oldest population, blending low mortality and birth rates. Women outlive men by nearly 7 years, averaging 85.62. Projections for 2020-2025 estimate 83.6 years overall. By 2050, 25% will be over 65, spurring advances in robotics for elderly care.
South Korea's 2018 average was 82.2 years. Projections suggest its 51 million people could lead with women exceeding 90 years soon.
Israelis average 82.2 years despite ongoing conflicts since 1948. Critics note disparities for Arab residents and lifestyle differences. With 9 million people, Israel provides advanced healthcare and boasts the world's lowest suicide rate.
France's INSEE reported 2018 figures of 79.5 years for men and 85.4 for women in metropolitan areas, though methodologies vary. U.S. and Australian researchers proposed revisions, dropping France to 68.8 for men and 77 for women, and similarly adjusting Japan.
France leads in antibiotic and anxiolytic use; in 2015, 13.4% received benzodiazepines for anxiety, sleep, or epilepsy, trailing only Spain in Europe.
Quality of life matters. Finland topped happiness rankings for the fourth year in March 2021, with life expectancy at 83.8 years for women and 78.3 for men. Low crime, equality, strong public services, and trust in institutions define it.
Demographic data varies by source and method, complicating comparisons. Life expectancy applies to newborns in the reference year—e.g., 1939 vs. 1970 cohorts differ. This article tours key countries without rigid rankings for clarity.
Projections assume stable progress; major conflicts could alter them.
Global aging affects all nations, reshaping work, markets, societies, and families. A May 2021 Singapore biotech study suggests humans won't exceed 150 years—still a vast horizon if trends hold, posing societal challenges ahead.
