Cystitis, or bladder infections, affects women far more often than men. Once you've experienced one, recurrences are common. Learn how to recognize it and what steps to take for relief and prevention.
Ingrid Kuiper (GP): A bladder infection involves inflammation of the bladder, typically causing pain or burning during urination, lower abdominal discomfort, and frequent urges to urinate small amounts. Urine may appear cloudy, have a strong odor, or contain blood. If the infection ascends to the kidneys, symptoms can include fever and lower back pain.
Why Women Are More at Risk
Bladder infections are usually triggered by intestinal bacteria entering the bladder through the urethra. Women's shorter urethras make them more susceptible—bacteria can enter during intercourse or improper wiping (back to front). Men with enlarged prostates or women with pelvic organ prolapse are also vulnerable, as incomplete bladder emptying allows bacteria to proliferate in residual urine.
Other Potential Causes
Urinary symptoms might signal a sexually transmitted infection like chlamydia, which can inflame the bladder and urethra. Note that exposure to drafts, cold, or moisture does not cause bladder infections.
Practical Tips for Relief
Cranberry juice can help by acidifying the bladder to combat bacteria. Stay well-hydrated and ensure complete urination to flush out pathogens.
When to See a Doctor
Seek immediate care if symptoms suggest a kidney infection. Men, children, young women, pregnant individuals, or those suspecting an STI should consult a doctor promptly. Antibiotics are often prescribed to clear the infection.
Prevention Strategies
To reduce risk: Urinate after sex, wipe front to back, drink plenty of fluids, and fully empty your bladder each time.
