Human evolution continues today through subtle anatomical shifts, some with potential health implications. A compelling study reveals a striking increase in a persistent forearm artery—an evolutionary trend that's cause for concern.
Recent research underscores ongoing human evolution. Studies this year linked climate change to shifts in average height and traced thumb adaptations back 2 million years. Yet, a 2020 study in the Journal of Anatomy, led by researchers from top Australian universities, flew under the radar. It highlights the median artery—a blood vessel present in fetuses that typically regresses after birth. In some individuals, it persists into adulthood.
This temporary fetal artery is now disappearing less frequently. Anatomical records since the 17th century show its prevalence in adults rose from 10% for those born in the 1880s to 30% for those born late in the 20th century—a threefold increase in just over a century.
This tripled persistence rate over 150 years suggests natural selection may favor retention of this vessel. Experts point to possible genetic mutations affecting median artery development or maternal health factors during pregnancy. If trends hold, a majority of people will have a median artery in their forearm by 2100.
Unfortunately, this isn't beneficial. It doesn't enhance forearm strength or finger dexterity. Instead, it correlates with a heightened risk of carpal tunnel syndrome, impairing hand function.
