While many view stress and anxiety as purely negative, psychologists recognize that both are inevitable parts of life and often serve protective, adaptive roles. This perspective was highlighted in a presentation by Lisa Damour, PhD, at the American Psychological Association's annual convention.
Stress typically arises when we're operating at the limits of our abilities—pushing personal boundaries or facing demanding circumstances. Importantly, it can stem from both challenging and positive events, such as job loss or welcoming a new baby.
"Psychologists must communicate that stress is a normal part of daily life," Damour explained. "Working at the edge of our abilities builds resilience, and moderate stress acts like a vaccine, fostering greater strength against future challenges." She added that fear often gets an undue bad rap.
"Fear is an evolutionary alarm system alerting us to external dangers—like a swerving driver—or internal ones, such as procrastination deadlines," Damour noted. Viewing fear as a helpful signal empowers us to respond effectively.
That said, stress and anxiety can turn harmful. Stress becomes problematic when chronic, offering no recovery time, or traumatic, overwhelming psychological limits. "Stress damages when it surpasses what we can absorb or use to grow stronger," Damour said. Similarly, anxiety is unhealthy when baseless or disproportionate, like panicking over a minor quiz.
Unchecked, these can lead to persistent distress, depression, or even cardiovascular risks. Damour advises: If overwhelmed, reduce stress where possible and consult professionals for management strategies. Self-help books targeting irrational thoughts, mindfulness practices, or therapy offer proven relief.
