Endometriosis affects millions of women, causing pelvic pain and, in some cases, infertility. Drawing from established medical insights, we've compiled essential information to help you understand and manage this condition.
When endometrial tissue migrates outside the uterus during menstruation, the body typically clears it away. In some women, this doesn't occur, leading to one of three main forms of endometriosis.
Symptoms vary by form but often include abdominal or intestinal pain, painful intercourse, bowel issues, fatigue, and fertility challenges. They typically align with the menstrual cycle, intensifying before or during periods.
Key endometriosis symptoms at a glance:
If these issues sound familiar, consult a healthcare professional for evaluation. Diagnosis often starts with a pelvic exam, followed by ultrasound if needed. These tests reliably identify or rule out the two more severe forms. Superficial endometriosis may require laparoscopy for confirmation and treatment, though milder cases often recur after menstruation.
Hormonal therapies like the contraceptive pill—especially continuous use to skip periods—can significantly reduce symptoms by minimizing bleeding. The Mirena IUD is another option. Stronger medications exist but may have notable side effects. Start with your GP, who can refer you to a gynecologist for personalized care.
You may have a higher risk if:
• Your mother or sister has endometriosis.
• Menstruation began at a very young age.
• Menopause occurs late.
• You haven't been pregnant.
• Your menstrual cycle is short, leading to frequent periods.
