Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the Netherlands, with about 60,000 new cases each year—though only a fraction are diagnosed. Caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, it spreads primarily through sexual contact.
How does chlamydia spread?
It transmits via sexual contact between an infected and uninfected person.
You can get chlamydia from:
• Unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex
• Sex toys not cleaned after use by an infected person
• Genital-to-genital contact (including dry humping)
• Eye exposure to genital fluids from an infected person
You cannot get chlamydia from:
• Hugging, kissing, or sharing a bed
• Swimming pools, baths, or toilet seats
• Sharing towels or clothes
Chlamydia symptoms Roughly 70% of women and 50% of men have no symptoms, underscoring the need for regular screening if sexually active. Symptoms, when they appear, typically show 1-3 weeks after infection.
Possible symptoms include:
• Pain during sex
• Burning when urinating
• Lower abdominal pain, with or without fever
• Milky/yellowish vaginal discharge with odor
• Pain or bleeding during/after sex
• Penile discharge
• Swollen or tender testicles
• Anal pain, itching, or discharge
Symptoms aren't always present, so regular testing is vital—especially with multiple partners.
Risks of untreated chlamydia
Without treatment, serious issues can arise. Women face infertility risks.
Consequences for women:
• Fallopian tube inflammation
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Persistent abdominal pain
• Reduced fertility
• Ectopic pregnancy
Chlamydia treatment The good news: it's easily cured with antibiotics—a single dose or week-long course, based on your health history (like allergies). Start promptly to avoid complications; side effects are uncommon.
Avoid sex during treatment and for 7 days after, as bacteria may persist.
When can you resume sex?
Wait 7 days after completing treatment before vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Retest for confirmation. Inform partners so they can get treated and prevent reinfection.
Preventing chlamydia
• Condoms for every vaginal, anal, or oral sex
• Dental dams for vaginal oral or dry sex
• Clean sex toys thoroughly (don't share)
